The Royal Mile is the main thoroughfare in Edinburgh’s Old Town, connecting two of Scotland’s most historically significant sites: Edinburgh Castle and Holyrood Palace. Stretching for roughly one mile, this street has served as a ceremonial route for Scottish monarchs for over five centuries, giving it its iconic name. Comprising a series of interconnected streets—Castlehill, Lawnmarket, High Street, Canongate, and Abbey Strand—the Royal Mile is one of the busiest tourist routes in Edinburgh, rivaled only by Princes Street in the New Town.
Walking along the Royal Mile offers visitors a unique glimpse into Edinburgh’s rich history, culture, and architecture. From medieval structures to narrow alleys that branch off the main street, there is a wealth of attractions to explore, each telling its own story of Scotland’s past.
Major Attractions on the Royal Mile
Edinburgh Castle
At the western end of the Royal Mile sits the imposing Edinburgh Castle, perched atop an ancient volcanic rock. This iconic fortress has served as a royal residence, military stronghold, and repository for Scotland’s most treasured artifacts. Visitors can explore numerous exhibitions within the castle, including the Scottish Crown Jewels and the Stone of Destiny, a symbol of Scottish monarchy used in coronation ceremonies. One of the castle’s most famous features is the One O’Clock Gun, fired daily except Sundays. The elevated location also offers spectacular views of the city and surrounding sea.
St Giles’ Cathedral
Situated in the heart of the Royal Mile, St Giles’ Cathedral dates back to the 12th century and has been a central place of worship since Edinburgh’s founding as a royal city. The cathedral is renowned for its stunning Gothic architecture and intricate stained-glass windows. Inside, visitors can admire the Thistle Chapel, home to the Knights of the Thistle, Scotland’s highest order of chivalry. Outside the cathedral, the Heart of Midlothian, a colorful granite mosaic on the pavement, marks an historic site and symbolizes resilience and determination in Scottish culture.
The Real Mary King’s Close
For a more immersive historical experience, The Real Mary King’s Close offers a journey beneath the Royal Mile to explore preserved homes and streets from the 16th to 19th centuries. This underground attraction provides fascinating insights into the lives of Edinburgh’s residents during that era, complete with storytelling and guided tours led by historical characters. The eerie, narrow passageways evoke both the daily struggles and the vibrant community life of Old Town Edinburgh.
Palace of Holyroodhouse
At the eastern end of the Royal Mile stands the Palace of Holyroodhouse, the official residence of the Scottish monarchy in Edinburgh. Originally built by James IV in the 16th century and renovated by Charles II in the 1670s, the palace offers a glimpse into royal history, including the private chambers of Mary Queen of Scots. Visitors can also explore Holyrood Abbey, founded in 1128 by King David I, and appreciate the stunning architecture and historical significance of the site.
Museums
The Royal Mile hosts a variety of museums catering to diverse interests. The Museum of Childhood provides a nostalgic journey through toys and games of the past, while the Scottish Storytelling Centre celebrates the nation’s rich oral traditions and encourages visitors to share their own tales. The Museum of Edinburgh, housed in a 16th-century building, showcases artifacts from the city’s history, and The People’s Story offers personal accounts of Edinburgh residents across centuries. Literary enthusiasts will enjoy the Writers’ Museum, dedicated to Robert Burns, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Sir Walter Scott, featuring rare memorabilia and insights into Scotland’s literary heritage.
Tours and Guided Experiences
For those wanting a deeper understanding of Edinburgh, guided tours are available. Mercat Tours offers historical walks detailing murders, intrigues, and the lives of famous locals. For a spookier experience, the Edinburgh Ghost Tour explores the city’s dark past. Cycling enthusiasts can opt for guided bike tours, which provide an active way to explore the Royal Mile and surrounding hidden corners of the city.
How to Reach the Royal Mile
On Foot
For visitors already in central Edinburgh, the Royal Mile is easily accessible on foot. From Edinburgh Waverley Station, it is a 10-minute walk, while the waterfront area is just five minutes away. Walking allows visitors to absorb the city’s atmosphere and appreciate its historical architecture.
By Train
Travelers from London can take Southern Railway or Thameslink trains to Edinburgh, which takes about one hour from major stations such as Victoria or London Bridge. Other cities such as Portsmouth, Southampton, and Cambridge are also connected via train services. Online booking platforms for Southern Railway and Thameslink provide schedules and ticketing options.
By Bus
Long-distance buses such as National Express and Megabus operate from London Victoria Coach Station to Pool Valley Coach Station in Edinburgh, a journey of approximately two hours. Buses are also available from other major UK cities, offering an economical travel option.
By Car
Drivers from London can reach Edinburgh via the M23 and A23 motorways, taking roughly one and a half hours. Parking is available near the Royal Mile, with rates starting at £2.00 per hour. Parkopedia and local signage provide detailed parking information.
By Air
Edinburgh is served by Gatwick Airport, approximately 45 kilometers from the city. From the airport, travelers can take trains, buses, taxis, or drive to reach the Royal Mile conveniently. Airline and ground transportation websites offer updated schedules and booking options.
Conclusion
The Royal Mile is more than just a street; it is the historical and cultural heartbeat of Edinburgh. Linking Edinburgh Castle and Holyrood Palace, it offers a rich tapestry of Scotland’s history, architecture, and traditions. From medieval streets and underground passages to grand palaces, museums, and guided tours, there is something for every visitor to explore and enjoy.
Whether you are captivated by history, intrigued by ghost stories, or simply wish to immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere of Old Town, the Royal Mile provides a comprehensive experience of Edinburgh’s past and present. A stroll along this iconic street not only reveals the city’s heritage but also offers a captivating glimpse into the lives and stories that have shaped Scotland for centuries.
